Study 2.1: Semantic priming

This online book is a reprint of:

Bernabeu, P. (2022). Language and sensorimotor simulation in conceptual processing: Multilevel analysis and statistical power. Lancaster University. https://doi.org/10.17635/lancaster/thesis/1795

Materials: https://osf.io/vyb8k

Convergence

In the initial model, the optimiser used (the default one in ‘lmerTest’) was ‘nloptwrap’, and the convergence warning read: ‘boundary (singular) fit: see ?isSingular’.

Based on the reanalysis using seven optimisers, Figure 27 shows the fixed, main effects, and Figure 28 shows the fixed interactions.

Code


# Display plot, which was produced in advance due to memory overload. Code available at:
# semanticpriming/frequentist_analysis/model_diagnostics/semanticpriming_allFit_convergence.R

include_graphics(
  paste0(
    getwd(),  # Circumvent illegal characters in file path
    '/semanticpriming/frequentist_analysis/model_diagnostics/plots/main_effects_semanticpriming_allFit_convergence.pdf'
  ))

Figure 27: Fixed, main effects from the semantic priming study fitted by seven optimisers.

Code


# Display plot, which was produced in advance due to memory overload. Code available at:
# semanticpriming/frequentist_analysis/model_diagnostics/semanticpriming_allFit_convergence.R

include_graphics(
  paste0(
    getwd(),  # Circumvent illegal characters in file path
    '/semanticpriming/frequentist_analysis/model_diagnostics/plots/interactions_semanticpriming_allFit_convergence.pdf'
  ))

Figure 28: Fixed interaction effects from the semantic priming study fitted by seven optimisers.

Residual errors not normally distributed

Figure 29 shows the deviation from normality of the residuals of the linear mixed-effects model.

Code


# Display plot, which was produced in advance due to memory overload. Code available at:
# semanticpriming/frequentist_analysis/model_diagnostics/semanticpriming_residuals.R

include_graphics(
  paste0(
    getwd(),  # Circumvent illegal characters in file path
    '/semanticpriming/frequentist_analysis/model_diagnostics/plots/semanticpriming_residuals.png'
  ))

$Residuals of the linear mixed-effects model from the semantic priming study. \linebreak KS = Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; TS = tail-sensitive confidence bands.$

Figure 29: Residuals of the linear mixed-effects model from the semantic priming study. KS = Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; TS = tail-sensitive confidence bands.

Semantic priming model including visual similarity

Convergence

In the initial model, the optimiser used (the default one in ‘lmerTest’) was ‘nloptwrap’, and the convergence warning read: ‘boundary (singular) fit: see ?isSingular’.

Based on the reanalysis using seven optimisers, Figure 30 shows the fixed, main effects, and Figure 31 shows the fixed interactions.

Code


# Display plot, which was produced in advance due to memory overload. Code available at:
# semanticpriming/analysis_with_visualsimilarity/model_diagnostics/semanticpriming_with_visualsimilarity_allFit_convergence.R

include_graphics(
  paste0(
    getwd(),  # Circumvent illegal characters in file path
    '/semanticpriming/analysis_with_visualsimilarity/model_diagnostics/plots/main_effects_semanticpriming_with_visualsimilarity_allFit_convergence.pdf'
  ))

Figure 30: Fixed, main effects from the semantic priming study fitted by seven optimisers.

Code


# Display plot, which was produced in advance due to memory overload. Code available at:
# semanticpriming/analysis_with_visualsimilarity/model_diagnostics/semanticpriming_with_visualsimilarity_allFit_convergence.R

include_graphics(
  paste0(
    getwd(),  # Circumvent illegal characters in file path
    '/semanticpriming/analysis_with_visualsimilarity/model_diagnostics/plots/interactions_semanticpriming_with_visualsimilarity_allFit_convergence.pdf'
  ))

Figure 31: Fixed interaction effects from the semantic priming study fitted by seven optimisers.

Residual errors not normally distributed

Figure 32 shows the deviation from normality of the residuals of the linear mixed-effects model.

Code


# Display plot, which was produced in advance due to memory overload. Code available at:
# semanticpriming/analysis_with_visualsimilarity/model_diagnostics/semanticpriming_with_visualsimilarity_residuals.R

include_graphics(
  paste0(
    getwd(),  # Circumvent illegal characters in file path
    '/semanticpriming/analysis_with_visualsimilarity/model_diagnostics/plots/semanticpriming_with_visualsimilarity_residuals.png'
  ))

$Residuals of the linear mixed-effects model from the semantic priming study. \linebreak KS = Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; TS = tail-sensitive confidence bands.$

Figure 32: Residuals of the linear mixed-effects model from the semantic priming study. KS = Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; TS = tail-sensitive confidence bands.

Pablo Bernabeu, 2022. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Thesis: https://doi.org/10.17635/lancaster/thesis/1795.

Online book created using the R package bookdown.