convergence

A convergence warning from lme4 does not by itself show that a model is wrong. One check that the lme4 authors recommend is to refit the model with every available optimiser through allFit and compare the estimates that matter. This post records the candidate publications found by a reproducible search of Scopus, Europe PMC and OpenAlex, and explains why the list can only be a starting point for screening.

A custom R function to create ggplot2 visualizations of fixed effects from models refitted with multiple optimizers using lme4's allFit function, enabling visual assessment of convergence validity in mixed-effects models.